Soil+Life

on construction = Soil = Soil is a dynamic medium made up of minerals, organic matter, water, air and living creatures including bacteria and earthworms. It was formed and is forever changing due to five major physical factors; the parent material, time, the climate, the organisms present and the topography. ref -Soil texture -Soil life -Soil indicators = __Soil texture__ = The proportions of the soil in sand, clay and silt define the soil texture type, its porosity and permeability. 1 Put some water make a sphere and observe closely the texture.
 * Liquid solution test: In a graduated tube put water and soil and mix well, then mesure the clay, silt and sand percentage.
 * Hand test

Take a soil sample and observe the structure, materials and color of soil in the different soil horizons. video (coming soon)
 * Sampling test

The result of the tests can be used to define appropriate uses of the soil (soil texture ). For example the capacity to construct:


 * || Sand || Clay || Silt ||
 * loam || 52 || 7 à 27 || 28 à 50 ||
 * or || 40 || 20 || 40 ||
 * adobe ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Loamy sand || 70 to 85 || 0 to 15 || 0 to 30 ||
 * Sandy loam || 50 to 70 || 15 to 20 || 0 to 30 ||
 * Sandy clay loam || 50 to 70 || 20 to 30 || 0 to 30 ||
 * Sandy clay loam || 50 to 70 || 20 to 30 || 0 to 30 ||

= __Soil life__ = media type="custom" key="18927236" = Insects = = Bacteria = C/N ratio 6:1
 * Red Worms (Eisenia foetida)


 * Rhizobium: sometimes combined with //Penicillium bilaiae (fungis) to capture phosphore related to nitrogen fixation 1//
 * By rhizobium
 * Rhizobium leguminosarum: pois et les lentilles,
 * Mesorhizobium: pois chiches,
 * Bradyrhizobium japonicum: soja et
 * Rhizobium phaseoli pour les haricots secs
 * By plant
 * Peanut - //Bradyrhizobium sp.//
 * Milkvetch - //Rhizobium sp. (Astragalus) //
 * Chickpeas - //Mesorhizobium sp. //
 * Lassen crownvetch - //Rhizobium sp. //
 * Soybeans - //Bradyrhizobium japonicum //
 * Chickling vetch, grass pea - //R. leguminosarum bv. viciae //
 * Lentils - //R. leguminosarum bv. viciae //
 * Bird's foot trefoil - //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mesorhizobium loti //
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lupines - //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) //
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Alfalfa - //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sinorhizobium meliloti //
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sweet Clover - //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">S. meliloti //
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Common Beans - //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli //
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Field or Garden Peas - //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">R. leguminosarum bv. viciae //
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Crimson, Red, White and Alsike Clover - //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii //
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hairy Vetch, Fava Beans, Broad Beans - //<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">R. leguminosarum bv. viciae //
 * Actinomycetes

=Other=
 * On Bacteria communication
 * Protozoans: graze on microorganisms and release nutriments, regulate populations
 * Flagellates: eat bacterias
 * Amoebas: eat bacterias and protozoans
 * Ciliates: eat bacterias and protozoans
 * Nematodes: give nutriments, regulate populations, disperse other microorganisms and fungi
 * fungal feeders and bacterial feeders: release nutrients and nitrogen, burn carbon, high C/N ratio 10:1
 * omnivores and predators
 * plant parasitic root nematodes
 * Soil anthropods: organic matter break down for microorganismes
 * insects
 * arachnides
 * spiders
 * mites: grazers of bacteria and fungi, organic matter shredders, some attack crops
 * Hypoaspis: eat mushroom fly larves
 * crustaceans
 * myriapods

= Fungus = or the "Internet of the soil" >> **Saprophytic** >> **Mycorrhizhal**

= References =
 * 1) ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETABLE CROPS []
 * 2) []

=__Soil Indicators__=