Case+study

The average annual precipitation in north and south are: 43cm and 15cm, corresponding to dryland. Permaculture strategies for drylands attempt to increase the input of water into the aquifers, soils and streams and to re-humidify the air by trees and vegetation. Permaculture focuses on limiting herding animals, water management strategies and greening.
 * Permaculture in Tunisia**

1.Watering methods - __dew traps__ of stone, scattered shrubs or vertical metal screens (h=1m, moisture condensers in Moroccan forests) - __earth techniques__: pitting and swales, runoff and catchment technology: stone gutters, caves and holes use for shadow and water storage, earth and stones walls, shrub barriers, fast streams diversion to dams or limonia - watering jar

2.Planting methods - __corridors__ of hardy plants, - __pioneering__ deep rooted grasses and trees: //ammophyla// //-// __pelleting__ seed+mud+fertiliser+insect repellent (neutralized copper sulphate with lime, neem tree lead powder, magnesite) //fukuoka method//

trees: Acacias (//Acacia victoriae// (tunisians Mimosa, leaf mulch), eucalyptus, pines, Casuarinas, tamarisk (quickset), cottonwoods (usa), redgums (au) fruit trees: figs cereals: oat, sorghum, millet vegetables and crops: melon, bean, vam bean and moth bean, vam vines, sunflowers

__dunes blowouts__: quickset grasses like Ammophila, pelleted moth bean seed, //Acacia victoriae, Acacia sophorae, Mesquite// cardboard collar or woven basket, brush fences (2m stakes in 1m deep in 7m² and bushy weaves), (China: rice-straw mat stabiliser + advanced trees in baskets), mulch in hollows: bark, sawdust, mill wastes __claypans__: canegrass (//Eragrostis australasica//) __limonia__: citrus, olivers, palms, reed (roselière) filter to dam __shallow swales__: sunflower, millet, forbs, (opportunistic crops) __swallows__: lotus and water-lily __sewage lagoon walls__: trees (bird carried)

3.Soil improuvement - humus - compost: manures of seed eating birds and animals, shredded bark, leaf nutrients, (permenent humus pit with watering jar) - salty soil: treatement with fresh water and humus, algae and water crop, and salt tolerent crop - phosphates, zinc, copper and ferromagnesium minerals - sulphur, if pH is high - dunes tank: phosphate, ammonia or guano and zinc, urgent stabilisation: spraying tar oils, layind pebble beds, brush fences h=1m every 7m across the wind direction, with wind gaps 50% and plantings

Traditional strategies: Nabatean system, qanat and foggaras,

Other References: India arid region

Climate is very various and sould be studied by region and location. Semilla Besada Phrygana
 * Permaculture in Greece**